An Introduction to LCDs and How They Work
Liquid-crystal displays (LCD) are found in countless electronic devices. Most smartphones have an LCD, which is responsible for creating visual images. LCD is also the leading technology used in TVs. Being that that there are other display technologies available, though, you may be wondering why LCD is such a popular choice.

What Is an LCD?
An LCD is a display device that uses liquid material for its pixels. Like all display devices, LCDs contain many small dots, known as pixels. The pixels are illuminated by backlighting. When the backlighting is activated, it will project light at the pixels to create an image.
The liquid pixels are placed between two layers of polarizing glass. With both layers being polarized, the illumination produced by the backlighting can shine through the liquid pixels and out the LCD's top layer.
While all LCDs use liquid pixels between layers of polarizing glass, there are several different types of LCDs, including the following:
- Twisted nematic
- In-plane switching
- Super in-plane switching
- Vertical alignment
- Advanced fringe field switching

